高考英语语法学习方法

高考英语复习当中，对于语法的复习也不能落下。下面是本站小编给大家整理的高考英语语法学习方法，供大家参阅!

在英语学习中，同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入，能够充当主语的成分也越来越多，除了常见的名词、代词，还有非谓语、句子等等，那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致，即主谓一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题，也是历来高考题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下：

(1)就近原则

①由并列结构或连词(either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等)连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。

Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.

汤姆和他的父母都不在家。

注：“either…or,neither…nor,or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复，最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。

②在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。

There is a book and some pens on the desk.

桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。

There comes the bus.汽车来了。

③在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。

I know the man who is talking to my father.

我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。

④在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。

It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.

是玛丽的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。

(2)意义一致原则

①当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。

I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.

我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。

②英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people，means，sheep，deer，fish等)，其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。

All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.

这个国家的人都已经为大变革作好了准备。

③多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。

What I want to say is just “Take care!”我只想说：“多保重!”

④当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。

All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.

我对这家公司的了解都是昨天他告诉我的。

⑤“…+ (of)+名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词)，则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。

Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。

80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。

Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。

⑥词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数;如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。

A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.

许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。

The number of the visitors has decreased this year.

游客的数量今年减少了。

⑦英语的集体名词(committee,crowd,family,public,group,party,team,class,club,company,

union等词)，指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。

My family was very poor when I was a little girl.

当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。

My family are all looking forward to your coming.

我的家人都在期待着你的到来。

(3)整体原则

①从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

When to leave has not been decided.

什么时候离开还没有定下来。

Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.

周日购物是他的一个习惯。

注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。

What he said and what he did were always different.

他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。

②如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。

The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.

这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。

The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.

小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。

分析：(a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人，故谓语动词用单数;而(b)句中有两个人，一个是小说家the novelist，另一个是诗人the poet。

③专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家(组织)名等，通常作单数用。

The United States was found in 1776.美国成立于1776年。

④表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。

Ten minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。

⑤加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。

Two times three makes six.二乘三等于六。

(4)个体原则

①and连接的两个或多个主语前如果有each,every,no等修饰语时(后面的一个有时也可省略)，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。

Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。

②英语句中的each， either， neither等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用单数。

Neither of us has been abroad.我们谁都没出过国。

③由some,any every,no构成的复合词(somebody，nobody，everything，anything等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。

④many a/more than one+单数名词，一般接单数谓语动词。

Many a man does not understand Einstein's relativity.

许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。

⑤“one and a half+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

One and a half hours has passed.一个半小时过去了。

⑥成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses， scissors， shoes， trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等)作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有a/the pair of;a/the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。

A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。

⑦以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词(如：一些学科名词mathematics， physics， politics等)，或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。

Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目。

一、can (could)

1、can表示能力，用在过去时中，could表示过去所具有的一般的能力;经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was / were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”(=managed to do, succeeded in doing)。在否定句中两者可通用。例如：

① Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。

② Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗?

③Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。

④He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。

⑤Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。

⑥He tried many times, then at last, with the help of his math teacher, he was able to work out the difficult problem.

2、表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。can在肯定句中表“可能性”时是表示“理论(道理)上的可能性，普遍、一般情况下可能”，而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性;表示这样的意思时要用could，may或might。can't (couldn't)表示“不可能”，与must意义相反。

①Accidents can happen.意外情况是可能发生的。?

②Scotland can be very warm in September.九月的苏格兰可以非常暖和。?

③Will you answer the phone? It could (may /might) be your mother. 你去接电话好吗?可能是你妈妈打来的。(不能说It can be)

④He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。

⑤You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。

⑥When many people surf on the Internet, the speed can (could) be very slow.

⑦During rush hours, streets can (could) be vey crowded.

●can (could) have done表示对过去发生事情的推测，can have done只能用于疑问句和否定句中(“可能已经……了吗” “不可能已经”)，肯定句中用“could have done”。?

①Where can (could) he have gone?他会上哪儿去了呢?

②He can't (couldn't) have gone to school-it's Saturday.他不可能是去上学了，今天是星期六?

③He could have gone off with some friends.他可能是和几位朋友出去了。(不说can have gone…)?

3、“could+完成式”还可用来表示虚拟(不用can)(也可表推测)，“过去本能做而未做”以及用来责备某人在过去本可以做某事但未做。如：?

①You were stupid to go skiing there you could have broken your leg. 你到那个地方去滑雪真傻，你可能会摔断腿的。?

②You could have told me the boss was angry.你本该告诉我老板生气了。

4、表示给予许可、允许或征求意见(=may)。

① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?

② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。

③You can take this book home to read more carefully.你可以把书拿回家更详细地阅读。

5、表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。

① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢?

② How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心?

6、比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗?。

② I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。

1、数词在使用时应注意的问题

易错数词：

年月日及介词

计算用词

和数字相关的词

2、综合

1) 数字表达：

123,856,709

one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine

2) 年月日

in the morning; on the morning of September 1;

in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)

3、计算

+　Six and five is (are) eleven.

Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.

-　Four from seven is (leaves) three.

Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.

X 16 x 11 = 176

Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.

÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3

Nine divided by three equals three.

4、dozen, score

A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs

B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times

5、小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.

分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.

More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.

70 percent od the fund(资金) was supplied by the Government.

6、“一个半...”的表达法.

one pound and a half ,one and a half years